Explore the Stoic philosophy's perspective on fate and free will, highlighting its balance in Roman literature and history. Discover how Stoics, like Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, navigated the interplay between divine providence and personal responsibility, and its relevance in today's discussions on determinism and moral choice.
Explore how Stoic principles influenced Roman politics and governance, focusing on figures like Cicero and Seneca. Discover enduring lessons in ethical leadership relevant to today's political landscape.
Born around AD 55 in Hierapolis, Phrygia, Epictetus rose from slavery to become a prominent Stoic philosopher. His teachings, marked by a religious tone, resonated strongly with early Christian thinkers. Despite facing expulsion from Rome by Emperor Domitian, Epictetus' influence endured through his pupil Arrian’s works, the Discourses and Encheiridion.
Stoicism is a philosophical school founded by Zeno of Citium around 300 BCE in ancient Greece. Its main principles emphasized living in harmony with nature, using reason, and practicing virtue as paths to achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing. These ideas became popular in Roman culture, influencing the thoughts and actions of important thinkers throughout the empire.
