Augustus’s role as princeps blended republican forms with imperial power, preserving legitimacy while centralizing authority — the Principate’s defining paradox.
Roman military tactics — disciplined formations, engineering, and logistics — shaped modern warfare: standing armies, siegecraft, and strategic mobility across Europe.
Understanding the conflict between the patricians and the plebeians is crucial as it highlights the social and political dynamics that shaped Roman governance and laid the groundwork for subsequent reforms and legal changes.
